With the arrival of foreigners, Hawai‘i’s economy expanded beyond traditional systems. An economy founded on provisioning early trading ships shifted...
Hawaiians quickly took to reading and writing but were slower to accept Christianity. Ali‘i such as Keōpūolani and Ka‘ahumanu, however,...
William Richards arrived in Hawaiʻi in 1823 with the second company of missionaries. At the direction of Keōpūolani, he, his...
David Malo was a Hawaiian scholar and royal adviser, who is perhaps best remembered today for his book, Hawaiian Antiquities,...
International trade brought an influx of foreigners to Hawai‘i. Their growing presence, concentrated in the ports of Honolulu and Lahaina,...
A graduate of Bowdoin College and Bangor Seminary, Dole was a classical scholar who arrived with his wife, Emily, in...
From the time of Captain Cook, Hawaiians saw that foreigners used writing to both formalize agreements and communicate ideas. But...
During the 1840s, the Hawaiian government continued to reorganize, establishing departments and administrative structures. Key issues included securing recognition internationally...
From the first arrival of foreigners in Hawai‘i in 1778, Hawaiians perished from introduced diseases at an alarming rate. By...
In 1827, a small group of Catholics from France arrived in Honolulu to establish a mission. Within two years, they...
In 1839, Kauikeaouli (Kamehameha III) established the Chiefs’ Children’s School in Honolulu, to educate Hawai‘i’s future leaders. Amos and Juliette...
Click on the islands of Kaua‘i, O‘ahu, Maui and Hawai‘i to see key Ali‘i and mission members....